Association of community built environment with obesity among elderly residents / 环境与职业医学

Background In the context of improving urban environment for healthy aging, it is necessary to rationally plan and provide community living space and public service facilities suitable for the elderly, and constantly optimize the built environment towards an age-friendly city. Objective To understand the relationship between community built environment and obesity in the elderly in Longgang City, and to provide a reference basis for improving the health of the elderly. Methods Elderly adults aged 60-90 years (n=6527) who completed a physical examination during the period from October 2020 to January 2021 in Longgang City were surveyed, and data on height and weight, waist circumference (WC), and other sociological demographic characteristics were obtained. Overweight was determined by 24 kg·m−2 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 28 kg·m−2 and obesity by BMI ≥ 28 kg·m−2. Men with WC ≥ 85 cm and women with WC ≥ 80 cm were considered central obesity. Based on the participants' residential addresses, geocoding was performed using a geographic information system, and built environment indicators such as restaurants, convenience stores, and basic medical facilities were obtained using Gaode Map. A binary logistic regression model with adjusted individual-level covariates was used to evaluate the relationship between obesity and built environment indicators among elderly adults by gender and age. Results Among the 6527 community elderly, 46.93% were male and 53.07% were female, with a mean age of (73.69±0.07) years, a mean BMI of (24.32±2.84) kg·m−2, and 51.92% of the elderly were overweight or obese. The regression results showed that for elderly men, the more convenience stores and the higher mixed land use in residential areas, the higher risk of central obesity; however, the increases in street connectivity and accessibility to parks and recreational areas were associated a decreased risk of central obesity. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among elderly women with more convenience stores in residential areas, while increased street connectivity was associated with a lower prevalence of central obesity among elderly women. Accessibility to primary health care facilities was negatively associated with the risk of central obesity among the 60- to 70-year-olds. For elderly residents aged 71−80 years, higher mixed land use and better accessibility to transit stations were associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, while street connectivity was negatively associated with the central obesity. Proximity to parks and recreational areas was associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity among the 81- to 90-year-olds. Conclusion Among the variables of a 500-m neighborhood built environment, the number of convenience stores, mixed land use, street connectivity, accessibility to primary health care facilities, accessibility to public transit stations, and accessibility to parks and recreational areas are correlated with obesity among elderly residents, and the degree of influence varies by gender and age.

Analysis of role-playing practice course and three-day diary in the training course of enterostomal therapists / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To understand the inner experience and growth of the students of the mouth-building therapist school in the role-playing practice class, and to explore the effect of the role-playing practice class in the training of the students of the mouth-building therapist school.@*Methods@#Totally 19 students enrolled in a mouth-making therapist school in 2018 as a research object, after teaching the relevant courses such as mouth-building positioning and pocket replacement, the students carried out each other′s mouth-building positioning and pocket-making paste, continuously wearing pocket-making for 3 days, recording 3 days of wearing diaries and interviewing students after removing the pockets.@*Results@#Students gained a real experience of the process of wearing pockets through the role-playing practice class, extracting three themes from the wearing diary and interviews: physical discomfort in wearing pockets, affecting social and psychological; firmly do a good job of professional care confidence.@*Conclusions@#The role-playing practice course can not only be theoretically connected with practice, but also cultivate the nursing humanistic quality of the students, which has good teaching effect and is worthy of promotion in the training course of oral healer.

Analysis of role-playing practice course and three-day diary in the training course of enterostomal therapists / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the inner experience and growth of the students of the mouth-building therapist school in the role-playing practice class, and to explore the effect of the role-playing practice class in the training of the students of the mouth-building therapist school.Methods:Totally 19 students enrolled in a mouth-making therapist school in 2018 as a research object, after teaching the relevant courses such as mouth-building positioning and pocket replacement, the students carried out each other′s mouth-building positioning and pocket-making paste, continuously wearing pocket-making for 3 days, recording 3 days of wearing diaries and interviewing students after removing the pockets.Results:Students gained a real experience of the process of wearing pockets through the role-playing practice class, extracting three themes from the wearing diary and interviews: physical discomfort in wearing pockets, affecting social and psychological; firmly do a good job of professional care confidence.Conclusions:The role-playing practice course can not only be theoretically connected with practice, but also cultivate the nursing humanistic quality of the students, which has good teaching effect and is worthy of promotion in the training course of oral healer.

Median Effective Dose ( ED50) of Ropivacaine in Ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Appendectomy / 医药导报

Objective To evaluate the median effective anesthetic dose of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane ( TAP ) block for analgesia in patients undergoing appendectomy. Methods Twenty-eight cases of appendectomy under general anesthesia were analyzed.After standardized general anaesthesia,a bilateral ultrasound-guided TAP block was performed on patients undergoing appendectomy using ropivacaine. Sequential method was applied. The initial dose of ropivacaine in first patient was 1.6 mg·kg-1,the dose adjustment interval was 0.2 mg·kg-1.Numerical Rating Scale was used to estimate the level of pain postoperatively. If NRS≤3, dosage of ropivacaine was decreased by 0. 2 mg·kg-1. The transversus abdominis plane block analgesia duration and incidences of postoperative adverse reactions were analyzed. Results Median effective dose (ED50) of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block was 2.73 mg·kg-1.95%CI (1.94, 3.84) mg·kg-1. Conclusion The determination of ED50of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block improved the anesthesia efficacy and safety.

Study on Enrichment Process of Total Flavonoids from Crataegus pinnatifida Bge, with Macroporous Resin / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the optimal technology parameters of the enrichment process for total flavonoids of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge,with macroporous Resin. Methods The enrichment process was studied by orthogonal experiment design using orthogonal from L9(34) with the content of total flavonoids from Crataegus pinnatifida Bge,as indexes, the factors such as adsorption capacity, the column diameter-height ratio, eluant volume and adsorption time were investigated. Results The optimum elution parameters were as follows: the eluant volume of 60% alcohol—the wet resin amount (g)—the sample volume (mL) was 2:1, the sample was 4:1, the column diameter-height ratio was 1:6 , the adsorption time was 1h, respectively. Conclusion This process enriching the total flavonoids of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge,is feasible.

Clinical features, electrophysiological characteristics and treatment response in eight cases with stiff-person syndrome / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features, electrophysiological characteristics and treatment of stiff-person syndrome (SPS). Methods Medical records were retrospectively collected from 8 SPS patients to analysis their clinical features, laboratory studies, electromyography characteristics and treatment effect. Results All 8 patients presented with classic SPS, experienced progressive muscle stiffness, rigidity and spasm with paroxysmal exacerbation, which most frequently involved the thoracolumbar paraspinal muscles and bilateral lower limbs and other parts of body including thoracic and abdominal wall, upper limbs, neck, head and face. Five patients underwent electromyography and the results showed continuous motor unit activity (CMUA) in the involved muscles at rest. CMUA reduced markedly in 2 cases after intravenous diazepam. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody testing was positive in one of 5 tested cases. All 8 patients experienced partially symptomatic relief for their muscle rigidity and spasm after benzodiazepines. Combined immunotherapy further attenuated the symptoms in two cases receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and one case receiving glucorticosteroids, respectively. Symptoms were completely relieved following thymectomy in 2 cases with thymoma. Conclusion SPS is characterized by progressive muscle stiffness, rigidity and spasm with paroxysmal exacerbation affecting the axial trunk and bilateral lower limbs most frequently. Electromyography indicates CMUA in these involved muscles at rest. Treatment with benzodiazepines combined with immunotherapy can improve the neurological manifestations. Thymectomy can completely relieve symptoms of SPS in patiens with thymoma.

Analysis of 464 stroke patients in Lhasa / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To register the inpatients with stroke in Lasa plateau region,understand the clinical characteristics,risk factors and prognosis of patients with stroke in plateau region,and provide reference for prevention and treatment of stroke in plateau region.Methods Hospital-based stroke registration database was established,follow-up visits were paid to registered patients with stroke;the general sociological characteristics,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment situations of patients were collected and analyzed.Results Continuous registration in 464 patients with stroke in Tibet Autonomous Region People' s Hospital was made from July 1,2007 to March 30,2013,including 332 Tibetan patients and 132 Han patients,whose average age was (57.45 ± 16.14) years;326 male patients,138 female patients.Sixty-eight patients' age of onset was smaller than 40 years (14.22％).Among stroke subtypes,cerebral infarction was the most frequent syndrome (322 patients (69.40％)),followed by brain hemorrhage (129 patients (27.80％)),subarachnoid hemorrhage (13 patients (2.80％)).The difference between the male to female ratio of Tibetan patients (213:119) and Han patients(113:19) was statistically significant (x2 =20.795,P ＜0.001).The 4.5 h clinic visit rate of patients with stroke was 18.53％ (86/464),the 4.5 h clinic visit rate of patients with cerebral infarction was 13.35％ (43/322),including 1 patient who took intravenous thrombolytic therapy,accounting for 0.31％ of patients with cerebral infarction.The analysis indicated that the major risk factors of this group of patients with stroke were high blood pressure (249 patients (53.66％)),heart disease (102 patients (21.98％)),diabetes (67 patients (14.43％)) and chronic high altitude polycythemia (65 patients (14.00％)).Conclusions The patients with stroke in plateau regions tend to be younger,the clinic visit rate within 4.5 h is low,and the application of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with cerebral infarction is low.Chronic high altitude polycythemia becomes the special risk factor in plateau region.

Prevalence and risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in women in Miyun County in Beijing / 中华全科医师杂志

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in women of Miyun County.Questionnaire survey was conducted in 8665 residents selected from urban and rural areas of Miyun County.Total 8663 questionnaires were completed with a response rate of 99.98％.The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 34.43％ (2983/8663),among which 1790 cases were of stress type with a prevalence rate of 20.66％,414 cases were of urgent type with a prevalence rate of 4.78％ and 779 cases were of mixed type with a prevalence rate of 8.99％.The risk factors of the stress urinary incontinence were advanced age(OR =1.555),BMI≥24 kg/m2 (OR =0.556),alcohol drinking(OR =1.308),constipation (OR =1.360),delivery times≥3(OR =1.998),history of macrosomia-bearing (OR =0.572).

Impact of cerebral vascular diseases on elderly intellectual status: A neuropsychological study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study the impact of stroke on elderly's mental status.Methods71 elderly inpatients aged between 60 to 90 who suffered stroke(31 cases) or not(40 cases) were assessed the mental status as a whole, the evaluation of comprehension of linguistic information,and non-verbal reasoning abilities using Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), Token Test and Raven Test.The relationships between these cognitive aspects and stroke was also analysed.ResultsThere were 68% of elderly suffering dementia symptoms in stroke group which was much higher than Non-stroke group (15%).The correlation between MMSE and Token is more close than the correlation between MMSE and Raven in stroke group. The correlations among MMSE, Token and Raven were significant different between stroke and Non-stroke groups. There is a positive correlation coefficient between age and Token scores in dementing patients; whereas a closer relationship between age, education level and Raven in Non-stroke group was found. This implied the impacts of stroke on the time-course of mental degeneration.Conclusions stroke can interrupt normal mental structure and speed up the process of degeneration of cognitive functions. Semantic dysfunction might manifestation earlier than non-linguistic functions. Token is more sensitive than Raven in detecting dementia symptoms of stroke type.

Angiotensin Ⅱ induces apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the mechanisms of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) induced apoptosis of cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats. Methods Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were divided into three groups. Cells in the control group were incubated in serum-free medium for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Cells in Ang Ⅱ group were incubated with Ang Ⅱ at the dose of 10 -7 mol/L for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. Cells in Ang Ⅱ and Ang Ⅱ type 1 receptor antagonist group were incubated in medium containing 10 -7 mol/ L Ang Ⅱ plus 10 -5 mol/L irbesartan. The apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. The Bcl-2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Caspase-3 activity was measured by a fluorescent assay kit. Results The number of apoptotic cells in Ang Ⅱ group increased significantly in a time-dependent manner, accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 protein expression but increased activity of caspase-3. Treatment with irbesartan resulted in decreased number of apoptotic cells and decreased activity of caspase-3. Conclusion Angiotensin Ⅱ could induce the apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through the caspase-dependent pathway, which might be mediated by Ang Ⅱ type 1 receptor. Bcl-2 may participate in the regulation.

Distribution of the mini-mental-status examination in the Tibetan resident population aged 55 years and over living in urban and rural areas of Lhasa city / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution of the mini mental status examination in the elderly Methods Totally 3 776 residents aged 55 years or over serving as samples in the urban and rural areas of Lhasa city, from August to December in 2001 were studied A residential area and a door to door general sampling procedures were used in this study, respectively Mini mental status examination (MMSE) and a activity of daily living scale (ADL) were used as screening methods for dementia Results The distribution of lower scores in such examination in middle elderly people, in Lhasa city was 7 2%, in which, males were 9 3% and femals, 6 3% Conclusion The results of lower scores in the mini mental status examination were similar to those reporting from inland cities, but there appear some what differences in distributions of ages, educational levels and sexes from Tibetan, which may be due to their special location and living habits

The Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography for Collateral Circulation Caused by Portal Hypertension / 中华超声影像学杂志

Various collateral circulations were detected by 2D color Doppler flow imaging(2DCDFI)in the part of 70 patients of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension,including reopened umbilical veins,dilated focal intrahepatic veins,dilating,hepatofugal centrifugal hepatic blood flow in the portalveins,perisplenic and retroperitoneai varices etc.Red and blue blood flows were detected in the collateral circulations by 2D-CDFI and appeared as continuous venous spectrum with low velocity blood volume could be calculated to evaluat the therapeulic effectiveness of portal-systemic shunt operation.

Color Doppler Flow Imaging of Prostate / 中华超声影像学杂志

The hemodynamic examination of prostate was performed transperineally by HP SONOS 1000 or 2500 Ultrasound System with 7.5 MHz transducer.The results of 25 healthy persons showed that:1.In transverse section,two arteries locatced at 5 and 7 o'clock corresponded to the capsule branches of prostate artery with diameter(D)1.7±0.25mm,Vnlax 22.2±8.2cm/s,flow volume(V) 8.O±6.5ml/min;2.The sagittal view showed the urethra branch of prostate artery,red in colonr,D 1.8±0.2mm,Vmax 25.6±10.2cm/s,V 9.5±3.69mI/min.3.Blue streams with lOW velocity were seen near the internal orifice of urethra,were vesicoprostatic venous plexus with D 3.5±1.0mm,their velocity varied with respiration.In presence of prostatic hypertrophy,the velocity and flow volume were less than those in normal case.

A METHOD FOR ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF THERMOPHILIC CELLULOLYTIC ANAEROBES / 微生物学通报

A new method based on adherence of cellulolytic bacteria to insoluble cellulose for isolation and purification of thermophilic cellulolytic anaerobes was reported, in which Hungate anaerobic operating techniques were used to roll tubes with insoluble cellulose powder as substrate.

Survey of quality of life and its influenced factors in Tibetan patients with generalized tonic clonic epilepsy / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigale the quality of life (QOL) and its influenced factors in Tibetan patients with generalized tonic clonic epilepsy.Methods QOL of 126 definit diagnosed Tibetan patients with generalized tonic clonic epilepsy were measured with the QOL in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31). The influenced factors of QOL were analysed. Results The total score of QOLIE-31 was 48.58?17.29; the lowest subcomponent score was 32.92?22.97 for Seizure Worry ; the highest was 77.11?20.98 for Medication Effects. Single factor analysis results were indicated that the scores of QOL between the different gender, occupation, marital status age,education were remarkable difference(all P

Dynamic changes of five biochemical markers of bone turnover in ovariectomized rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: The aim of the present study is to investigate changes of five biochemical markers of bone turnover during the formation of ovariectomized rat model. METHODS: Three-month-old female SD rats were divided randomly into ovariectomized (OVX) group, sham-operated (sham) group and control group. Five biochemical markers of bone turnover levels, including serum osteocalcin (OC), total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured before and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 months after surgery. The right proximal tibias of rats were excised at the same time point for histopathological observation. RESULTS: Serum OC, ALP, BALP, TRAP and HYP levels in OVX group were significantly higher than that in sham group. As regard to the time of peak level arrived, the sequence of changes was as follows: TRAP/HYP→OC→ALP/BALP. There was a significant positive correlation between five markers. The pathological changes of trabecular bone in OVX group were only observed 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that postmenopausal osteoporosis has a high bone turnover rate. During the formation of ovariectomized rat model, changes of bone resorption markers precede changes of bone formation markers. Serum OC, ALP, BALP, TRAP and HYP are sensitive to evaluate the bone loss in the earlier stage of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PRESENTATIONS OF COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASOUND IMAGING IN RHEUMATIC MITRAL STENOSIS ACCOMPANIED WITH REGURGITATION / 第二军医大学学报

In this paper, the presentations of 2D-color Doppler ultrasound imaging in 43 patients with rheumatic mitral lesion were studied before the replacement of artificial valve.The size of mitral opening, and several hemodynamic semiquan-titativc values were measured in diseased heart.Having analysed the features of valvular lesions, we consider that the 2D-color Doppler ultrasound can demonstrate the characteristics and ths degree of the valvular damage in one or several sections rapidly and directly. Therefore it is a very valuable method for diagnosing the rheumatic valvular lesion.